– Translanguaging challenges monolingual assumptions that permeate current language education policy and instead treats bilingual discourse as the norm.

– Translanguaging refers to pedagogical practices that use bilingualism as resource, rather than ignore it or perceive it as a problem.

– Translanguaging goes beyond traditional notions of bilingualism and second language teaching and learning.

– Translanguaging describes the practices of all students and educators who use bilingualism as a resource.